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INTERNATIONAL PROGRAM | COUNTRIES IN INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPEMT |
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COUNTRIES WITH BASIC INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES
The industrial sector answers
for activities that induce to regional development
and the sustained growth of the economy.
Being considered
the existence of energy supply satisfactory,
the principal vector of the program should
assist the supply of goods and materials destined
to the development of the other sections.
Leaning on the principle
that great part of the countries with basic industrial
activity, practically possesses
transformation sectors capable to supply
basic wares, the program recommends actions driven in the sense of
creating means
for the sustained development.
The privileged sections
are distinguished by their objective capacity to generate
micro economies
and development of small companies
generating potentially employments
and resources; considering some basic precepts
that should manage the programs, taking in account
the capacity of these
programs to define their goals based on
the
own local development.
Consequently the generators
of new initiatives are always
motivated by their own demands and local successes, and not for
precepts implanted externally.
The basic principles are
constituted by the own concepts of human survival
and the development of their product.
By this way is considered that the process principles
are based on the
feeding chain and food.
Therefore it is privileged
before everything the agriculture and packaging.
The alimentary production, beginning for the agriculture
because it is the principal raw material supplying
pole and packaging responsible
for
their
conservation. Soon after the exploratory activities fishing,
and animals breeds.
The third pole is the transport,
even handmade, important for all the sectors.
Starting from an operational regional base the other sectors grow
parallel and in harmony with the well implanted sectors.
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BASIC INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
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SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & PRAGMATISM
to build a prosperous and
sustainable development
The four essential determinants core of human well-being
are energy, food, health and water.
The sustainability challenge
is to accomplish development while protecting
the world’s
environment, ensuring that economic activity
does not destabilize the biodiversity,
climate, and other natural processes on which
life depends.
The development challenge is to make possible the poor
countries to gather together their basic needs for
energy, food, health, and water, prioritizing actions
as well
as initiatives leading to achieve sustainable development.
The recommendations have to be based on consensus achieved
among a wide cross-section of experts, and the inevitable
of practical policy makers and the public understanding
in several critical areas of sustainable development.
Addressing these concerning, characterize providing
safe energy for cooking, clean water for drinking
and sanitation,
sufficient food for necessary nourishment, and
systems for disease control and prevention.
Environmental degradation in these places is often
both a direct cause and consequence of fighting
to survive,
as when poor rural people cut down forests to
clear land for farming or to produce fuel or to sell.
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AGRICULTURE &
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
¤ Agriculture
is obviously of critical importance to all
developing and least-developed countries, and
is also in many ways the key to the development.
¤ In agriculture, we should not forget such subject of
importance to developing countries as cotton,
commodities, tropical products and addressing erosion prevention.
On all these questions there are proposals
addressing and corresponding to the concerns of developing
countries. Also to keep in mind in the agriculture areas the issue
of special and differential treatment,
including the flexibility to designate a number of products as special
products based on criteria of food security,
income security and rural development needs.
¤ Market access is a basic question for developing countries.
Should be defined storing, cellars, transformation
and distribution as the main difficulties to settle up a
basic structure for continuous market
access. It should be added that market access interests and improving opportunities
in addition to addressing continuous
production
and distribution is the only practical way to induce micro-economies
prosperity and sustainable development.
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INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
Manufacturing
and processing, packaging, distribution, large
storage and transportation
facilities, power plants, and government infrastructures
There are two different types of industrial development.
The first one is service-oriented and is related to population
and the activity level of further trade activities. External
markets mostly influence the other sector, basic industries.
Elementary industrial
activity has to be close to raw products and other
key resources. Every kind of industries
is affected by the availability of transportation
facilities. Other factors equally important are the
accessibility
to public utilities, energy, and internal and external
distribution.
The location of industrial
developments is important for many reasons. Areas
designated for industrial finalities
must be close enough to population and/or commercial
areas for efficient production and distribution.
The most important task
is to consider the regional vocation for raw material,
from agricultural potential,
water availability, energy supply, and workforce.
The major use of industrial
domains as example is the processing of sugar and
related industries. Other agricultural
industrial activities include the processing of
coffee, macadamia nuts, meat products, tropical fruits,
vegetables, bamboo
and timber. The processing of these exportable
products is expected to expand, and to create continuous
development.
The existence of non-conforming uses that are incompatible
with agricultural and industry vocations create an undesirable
land use configuration.
Recently, there have been new accomplishments in alternate
energy and aquaculture activities development. Both of
these developments are utilizing resources not previously
utilized creating the possible need for new forms of
land use management and incentive.
The following purposes, policies and standards are set
forth to guide the development of industrial and agricultural
areas in the best interest of the region and its residents:
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¤ The
residents must be made aware of the circumstances
resulting
from industrial development. Citizen
participation, awareness, and most of all, citizen understanding
are vital in the development of industrial
areas, as in all phases of the planning process.
¤ Promote
and encourage the rehabilitation of related
production areas (agricultural and industrial),
which are serviced by basic community
facilities and utilities.
¤ Support
the creation of basic industrial parks in appropriate
locations as an alternative to incentive
development. Industrial development
shall be located in areas adequately served
by energy,
transportation,
utilities, and other amenities essential
infrastructure. Redeveloping or newly developing
areas shall
be industrialized
in counterpart with programmed public
and
privately funded infrastructure to meet the
expected needs.
¤ Achieve
a wide-ranging diversification of local small
industries
by providing opportunities for new
industries and strengthening existing industries. In this sense,
essential packaging production as plastics,
glass, and metal is fundamental.
¤ Industrial
activities may be located close to
raw materials or key resources.
¤ Industrial
development shall maintain or improve
the quality of the present environment.
¤ Industrial
development shall be conveniently
located to its labor resource.
As example, industrial
activity in the rural areas close to sugar processing
and
related uses. Small pockets of
population centers are located close to these
plantations and these communities contain a few minor
industrial
services. There are also industries involved
with the processing and packaging of locally grown
products.
Several
small plants may process tropical fruits into
puree, juices, jams and jellies.
Industrial development
is primarily due to its available transportation
facilities, the harbor and roads, and
its concentration of population.
Other industrial activities include quarrying, garment
manufacturing, storage, wholesaling facilities and numerous
other population service-oriented activities.
Besides transportation
facilities, major advantages include the availability
of labor, a full range of community
facilities and the availability of utilities and
land. Industrial activities in both service and non-service
categories are expected to expand.
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COURSES
OF ACTION
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ENERGY
In the energy field, the challenges of sustainable development differ drastically
for the low-income countries where populations are making a great effort,
and often failing, to provide for their most basic needs.
Providing affordable and environmentally sustainable energy, developing affordable
and practical technologies could make progress. Needed are technologies with
new improved end use energy efficiency like small wind turbine technologies
that can make possible to be implanted in the different regions of the world.
Immediate needs focus on minimum electricity for lighting in low population
density rural areas most cheaply provided by distributed generation and clean
cooking fuels.
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FOOD
The causes of hungry derive from inequitable social policies, and economical
conditions as well as adverse ecological circumstances, and these all combine
to influence both productivity and distribution.
Enabling policies
and political action must work in a straight line with
increasing productivity and agro-industries that will
require substantially lower investments
in new technologies and also a wide range of changes in natural-resource
management.
Increase investment
in the development and dissemination of new and
existing technologies adapted to the requirements
of small farmers of the poorest
areas, particularly replenishing soil fertility and improving small-scale
water management.
Other initiatives
as new crop and tree varieties or farm animals
breeds, developed through both conventional breeding
and other
management practices appropriate
for local ecological conditions, such as conservation and integrated
pest management.
Expand efforts
to build local institutions and infrastructure for
collective action and market development for vulnerable
regions and fragile resources,
to increase the relative profitability of more sustainable ways to obtain
harvests, farm animals, fish and forest products, capacity building for collective
action on rural institutions for credit and savings.
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WATER
Water
is vital to progress agriculture, ecosystems, sanitation,
human health, and
for life.
The
dominant water use is for agriculture, and the absolute
concern has been the dramatic variability
of natural
supply in space, time and quality. Changes in climate,
soils, watershed drainage systems, and the use
of chemicals aggravate these concerns, with consequent
threats to
human and ecological health.
Because
water needs increasing for hydropower, navigation
and agricultural
irrigation, municipal
and industrial
water supply and sanitation development of water
services, particularly for agriculture, combined
with vulnerable
efforts to defend resource quantity and quality,
has led to inefficient use of water resources
and a general
neglect of maintenance of that infrastructure.
Artificial
agricultural irrigation has formed large areas
desertification because salt concentration,
and proofs
the concepts has been employed in an inadequate
method.
Along
with variable access for other uses, human health
impacts can be closely correlated
with
degradation of
source water quality and to lack of access
to safe water supplies, especially at the
rural level.
The
vast majority of the world’s
poorest people live in the semi-arid to arid tropics
and
sub-tropics, where, water may be the most restraining
impact on improving
the people incomes.
Original
water storage strategies are needed, consisting of
necessary infrastructure
and management, policy,
regulatory, legal and economic incentives
that serve as the motivation
for integrated water resources management.
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HEALTH
Human
health is closely related to the environment. Ecological
and hydrological systems should be reestablished
in order to preserve wildlife, domestic animals,
and human populations. Public health is an essential
component of poverty reduction strategies.
Improving
health care systems must be developed through strong
and maintained funding efforts. Health is fundamental
factor for economic growth.
Access to medical assistance, medication, safe water and appropriate sanitation,
adequate nutrition and healthy food consumption behaviors, and appropriate
treatment are so essential as prevention.
International policies regarding
intellectual property rights and trade agreements,
including affordable therapy pricing for all, should
be achieved. Developed Drugs and vaccines should
be available and made for the poor people. In particular,
the poor people should be protected against basic
health excessive expenditures.
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