IRRIGATION
AVOIDING DESERTIFICATION CAUSES - IRRIGATION
Irrigation can feed desertification
in two ways. Inefficient irrigation wastes water, which
can reduce vegetation and increase soil erosion. Over
irrigation can flood the soil, or leading to an increase
in salinity, making soils incapable of supporting plant
growth, and affecting people and animals.
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Desertification
- People
The UN currently estimates
that desertification directly affects 46% of land in
Africa, and around 250 million people. In Kenya, where
desertification and drought has threatened over 11
million with famine, communities have been given exclusive
rights over an area 5km from their homesteads, to try
and stem the pressures on water and land.
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WORKMANSHIP
IRRIGATION METHODS FOR REGIONS WITH HIGH SALINITY WATER
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Simplified handmade systems of production of irrigation,
allow separating impurities of the water, mainly the
salt, but also other noxious components. The simple principle originates from Second World War,
when pilots carried plastic bags and plastic glasses
below their seat in the planes. In case of fall in the
water of the sea, the pilot in the inflatable located
the salted water inside in the glass inside the plastic
bag; he inflated the plastic bag and he closed the bag's
mouth.
With the sun the seawater could evaporate on the
wall of the plastic bag being slippery on the outside
of the glass and allowing separate the salt of the water.
In the plastic bag outside the glass contained only pure
water.PET bottles allow manufacturing simple irrigation methods,
which has no significant costs and may remain long time.
The system allows sustaining several agricultural yields,
depending on water requirements.
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PET
Irrigation Method
The illustrated sequence on the right side identifies
four stages of the transformation of a bottle PET in
a simple and functional irrigation system. The bottles
can be suspended and irrigate directly, or they be linked
in their bottom to the bamboo pipelines for the distribution
of the irrigation.
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Inserting impure water through the funnel in the interior
glass, with the heating of the sun the water will evaporate
and to condense in the internal walls of PET. Drops sliding
will form a deposit of pure water in the bottom of
the bottle PET, isolated of the glass.
The salt or impurities will be deposited in the bottom
of the glass, could be removed occasionally.
The amount of purified water only depends on the sun
heating. In areas of larger insolation the production
will be superior to 1,5 litter per day.
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Spray
Sprinklers
are ideal systems for some type of agricultures. Others
will request more control of the periods of irrigation
and water quantity. Recipients may be manufactured using
old barrels and Bamboos.
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Images Courtesy:
http://tilz.tearfund.org/ |
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The
practically limitless technology with Bamboo has countless
applications in the agriculture, handmade utilities
and small industry products. The bamboo pipeline can
be used as tubes, or have small holes spaced to produce
irrigation
in the
whole field.
Bamboo
See next page
Bamboo technologies applications
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SYSTEMS
AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR CONTINUOUS WATER PURIFICATION AND IRRIGATION
The development of low cost systems for continues purification
(avoiding expensive filtering systems) of the water in
areas of great insolation and polluted or excessively
salted waters can be developed with low cost equipments.
Recipients in transparent glass or plastic can serve
as evaporation container and condensation, and solar
panels for electrical feeding a water-pump from the container
of polluted water. The solar panel also serves as heat
accumulator over the container of polluted water elevating
the temperature of the water before transferring to the
evaporation recipient.
The scheme below identifies the principal details of
the equipment that can be built in several dimensions.
The distribution of the water can be through bamboo pipelines,
or containers storage for consumption.
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